Adrenaline Epinephrine Injection

Epinephrine Is a sympathomimetic agent that stimulates alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors.

Uses:

1. Anaphylaxis: Treats severe allergic reactions, including anaphylactic shock.

2. Cardiac Arrest: Used in CPR to restore heart function.

3. Asthma: Relieves severe bronchial asthma attacks.

4. Local Anesthesia: Used to prolong the effect of local anesthetics.

How it works:

1. Alpha-adrenergic effects: Vasoconstriction (narrows blood vessels), increases blood pressure.

2. Beta-adrenergic effects: Bronchodilation (opens airways), increases heart rate and contractility.

Administration:

1. IM injection (thigh): For anaphylaxis (0.3-0.5 mg, repeat after 5-15 minutes if needed).

2. IV injection/infusion: For cardiac arrest or severe hypotension (doses vary).

3. SC injection: For asthma or local anesthesia (doses vary).

Common side effects:

1. Anxiety, tremors, palpitations

2. Increased heart rate and blood pressure

3. Sweating, pallor, headache

Serious side effects:

1. Cardiac arrhythmias

2. Hypertension, stroke

3. Pulmonary edema

Contraindication:

1. Cardiac conditions: Hypertension, coronary artery disease

2. MAOI use: Risk of hypertensive crisis

3. Cyclopropane or halothane anesthesia: Risk of arrhythmias

Precautions:

1. Use with caution in elderly, pregnant, or breastfeeding women.

2. Monitor blood pressure, heart rate, and ECG.

Adrenaline is a lifesaving medication, but it requires careful use and monitoring due to potential side effects.